{"id":1110,"date":"2022-08-23T23:34:59","date_gmt":"2022-08-23T20:34:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kaf1.moscow\/?page_id=1110"},"modified":"2022-08-23T23:46:28","modified_gmt":"2022-08-23T20:46:28","slug":"summary-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/kaf1.moscow\/?page_id=1110","title":{"rendered":"SUMMARY"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

SUMMARY<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Reminder<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A summary is a coherent text that gives a short accurate account of the main ideas of the original text expressed in different words.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Its main characteristics are<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

brevity accuracy objectivity coherence <\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A summary writer\u2019s job consists<\/mark><\/strong>
in writing their own text which logically and consistently gives an accurate account of the main points in the original text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


To do the job well<\/strong>
\u25a0 compress & paraphrase the original text
\u25a0 identify and keep the author\u2019s emphasis and tone
\u25a0 make your text coherent & cohesive<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Stages of writing a summary<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Useful tips<\/mark><\/strong>
\u25a0 To identify the main idea when compressing watch for the key words<\/strong>.
\u25a0 To identify emphasis<\/em> and tone<\/em> remember that
Emphasis<\/em> is special importance given to a particular idea in the text.
It can be conveyed through
\u2014 the space given to this idea in the text;
\u2014 the use of emphatic language and structures.
Tone <\/em>is the attitude the writer wants to convey, the emotional colouring of their writing: angry, enthusiastic, detached, concerned, critical, sarcastic, serious, optimistic, pessimistic, etc.
\u25a0 To write a summary in your own words<\/strong><\/em>
\u2014 use a different word class (e.g. noun instead of verb), grammar structure and synonyms
\u2014 use words of similar register
\u2014 avoid quoting.
If a quotation is vital<\/em> to report the author\u2019s idea accurately and concisely, use quotation marks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
  NB<\/mark>   A summary need not always follow the logic of the original text.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Useful vocabulary<\/mark><\/strong>
to introduce a topic:<\/strong>
The article \/ paper deals with \/ discusses \/ examines \/ focuses on \/ etc.
to present a thesis statement:<\/strong>
The author argues \/ claims \/ maintains \/ posits \/ states \/ suggests \/ etc.
to show the author\u2019s attitude:<\/strong>
The author doubts \/ insists \/ points out \/ questions \/ etc.
The author is critical, criticizes \/ praises \/ etc.
to refer to the author in Main Body:<\/strong>
According to the author(s)
The author assumes \/ maintains \/ states \/ concludes \/ etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
 NB<\/mark>    The first time<\/strong> you mention the author, use their full name (Gordon Brown),then<\/strong> use just the surname (Brown), do not use<\/strong> pronouns (he, she, they).<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Vocabulary for cohesion<\/mark><\/strong>
to indicate that you are going to give additional information:<\/strong>
and, also, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, too
to indicate where information fits in a sequence:<\/strong>
in the first place (first \/ firstly), in the second place (second \/ secondly), etc., next, last, finally
to indicate that one idea is similar to another (comparison):<\/strong>
also, in the same manner \/ way, like \/ likewise, similarly
to indicate that one idea conflicts with or contradicts another (contrast):<\/strong>
but, even so, however, in contrast, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, yet<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
SUMMARY Reminder A summary is a coherent text that gives a short accurate account of the main ideas of the original text expressed in different words. Its main characteristics are brevity accuracy objectivity coherence A summary writer\u2019s job consistsin writing their own text which logically and consistently gives an accurate account of the main points […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1110","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/kaf1.moscow\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/kaf1.moscow\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/kaf1.moscow\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kaf1.moscow\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kaf1.moscow\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1110"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/kaf1.moscow\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1122,"href":"http:\/\/kaf1.moscow\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1110\/revisions\/1122"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/kaf1.moscow\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}